2025 · Article · Open Access
Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch) is a food rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, minerals, carbohydrates, and flavonoid compounds. Flavonoids have several pharmacological activities, including as antioxidants to ward off free radicals. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of pumpkin fruit. The extraction of pumpkin fruit was done by the maceration method in a 70% ethanol solvent. The total flavonoid test used the colorimetric method with a 10% AlCl3 reagent and quercetin as a positive control. Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results obtained for the total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of pumpkin fruit amounted to 1.741 mgQE/g ± 0.2438 and an IC50 value of 379.44 ppm, including the category of weak antioxidant, compared with the positive control.
2025 · Article · Open Access
The Akar kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour) is a well-known plant for its potential for the treatment of liver damage and hyperglycemia. However, the main constituent responsible for the anti-diabetic effect is unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of administration of Fibraurea tinctoria Lour ethanol extract on the blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced diabetic male albino rats. All animals were acclimatized with normal feed, and were subsequently divided into 5groups (3rats/ group). Group 1 (negative control group) was given 0.3% NaCMC; Groups 2, 3, and 4 (treatment groups), were given 50, 100, and 200mg/kg BW of Fibraurea tinctoria Lour ethanol extract, respectively once daily for 15 days, while Group 5(positive control group) received 0.65mg/kg BW glibenclamide. Before the treatments, the rats were induced intraperitoneally with 175mg/kg BW alloxan monohydrate. The blood glucose levels were observed every five days. The results showed that the ethanol extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200mg/kg BW caused a significant decrease (p <0.05) in the blood glucose levels compared to the negative control group. Also, the highest decrease in the blood glucose level was observed in the 100mg/kg BW treatment group. The findings from this study indicate that the ethanol extract of Fibraurea tinctoria Lour has an antidiabetic effect and the 100mg/kg BW dose was the most effective in lowering blood glucose levels.
2025 · Article · Open Access
2025 · Article · Open Access
Plants as medicinal ingredients have potential as antimicrobials and antioxidants, with various molecules that can protect the human body from pathogens and cellular oxidation. This is closely related to the secondary metabolitescontained in these plants. Currently there are several bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, therefore it is necessary to find an alternative to overcome this resistance by conducting research on medicinal plants. Sekilang (Embeliaborneensis) is a plant that is used by the Dayak tribe in Kalimantan as an ingredient for catching fish, repelling leeches and hair care and does not rule out having medicinal properties. So it is necessary to do research on these plants, especially the bark. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of sekilang bark extract against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Extraction of the active substance was carried out by maceration with ethanol solvent and antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the bark extract of sekilang contains saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. The results of the antibacterial activity test against Propionibacterium acne at a concentration of 2.5%; 5% ; 10% and 20% are 6.5 mm, respectively; 8.36 mm ; 7.5mm; 7.33mm. Antibacterial activity against Staphyllococus epidermidis at a concentration of 2.5%; 5% ; 10% and 20% are 7.0 mm, respectively; 7.7mm; 6.33mm; 7.8mm. It was concluded, that the bark extract of sekilang have antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne and Staphyllococus epidermidis with moderate category. The positive control used was clindamycin and the negative control was Dimethyl sulfoxy.
2025 · Article · Open Access
2025 · Article · Open Access
The Red Pidada (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) is one of the plants used in traditional ways, especially by Borneo's people, where the red Pidada leaves are used as a cool powder composition and applied to the face while doing activities under exposure to sunlight over a long time. Red Pidada extract has a very strong antioxidant activity of 21.62 ppm because it has secondary metabolite, which is a medicinal ingredients and have a strong molecular structure, and have various biological activities. Pidada redplant (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) is a mangrove that has antioxidant potential. Free radicals can cause cancer, heart disease, premature aging, and other degenerative diseases. The research objective was to determine the antioxidant activity of the Pidada red leaf extract and fraction.The research was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative test was carried out by the colour change test and the quantitative test using the ABTS method (2,2-azinobis-3-ethyl benzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) with a UV-Visspectrophotometer. Pidada redleaves were extracted and fractionated, namely ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol fraction, and made inti various concentrations compared to vitamin C.The IC50 value determined the antioxidant activity. The results showed that the ethanol extract had an IC50 value of 1.32 ppm (very strong), n-hexanefraction of 19.89 ppm (very strong), ethylacetate fraction of 0.50 ppm (very strong), and ethanolfraction of 1.63 ppm (very strong).
2025 · Article · Open Access
Akar kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour) merupakan tumbuhan khas yang dapat dijumpai di Kalimantan serta biasa dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat sebagai obat gatal, penyakit kuning dan diare. Salah satu senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam akar kuning adalah berberin yang berpotensi memiliki khasiat sebagai antidiabetes, antivirus, antibakteri dan antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi tumbuhan Akar Kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.) sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan menggunakan metode disc diffusion. Ekstrak etanol difraksinasi dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksan dan etilasetat, ekstrak dan fraksi yang telah didapat ditimbang dengan konsentrasi 2,5%, 5% dan 10%. Kontrol positif yang digunakan yaitu amoxicillin dan DMSO sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ektrak etanol dan fraksi akar kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.) memiliki potensi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Aktivitas zona hambat terbesar yang terbentuk pada ekstrak etanol yaitu pada konsentrasi 10% dengan diameter zona hambat 9,18 mm terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan 12,16 mm terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus sedangkan fraksi batang akar kuning yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri paling kuat terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus yaitu fraksi sisa. Staphylococcus aureus memiliki sensitifitas lebih tinggi terhadap akar kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour) dari pada bakteri Escherichia coli.
2024 · Article · Open Access
East Kalimantan is one of the regions that cultivates red dragon fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus) in large quantities due to its promising health benefits. The peel of red dragon fruit has antioxidant activity comparable to its flesh, yet it is rarely utilized and often discarded as organic waste. This study aims to explore the potential of water and ethanol extracts from red dragon fruit peel as antioxidant sources that can serve as natural reducing and stabilizing agents in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Extraction using water and ethanol solvents was conducted to analyze the antioxidant compounds in the peel. The extract with the strongest antioxidant activity was used for AgNP biosynthesis, and the absorption peak was observed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a specific wavelength of 400–450 nm, which is characteristic of AgNP surface plasmon resonance. The results showed that the ethanol extract exhibited stronger antioxidant potential based on its lower IC₅₀ value and functioned effectively as a reducing and stabilizing agent at synthesis temperatures of 40–50°C, without degrading the extract's secondary metabolites. These findings support the utilization of red dragon fruit peel as a sustainable and eco-friendly raw material for the development of health-related products.
2024 · Article · Open Access
2024 · Article · Open Access
ABSTRACT Background: The muslim population is very concerned about halal food. Nowadays, there is a growing awareness among consumers regarding the adulteration of food. High-quality Gabus fish oil (halal) is very susceptible to being adulterated with Pork oil (non-halal) by unethical producers to gain greater profits. Aim: The research objective was to use Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in combination with chemometrics for the analysis of pork oil adulteration in Gabus fish oil. Methods: Extraction of Gabus fish oil using the pressing method and pork oil using the soxhlet method. The oil components extracted were then analyzed using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and multivariate calibrations of partial least square (PLS) and principle component regression (PCR) using optimized conditions. The GC-MS data from methyl ester were processed using chemometrics principal component analysis (PCA) to group Gabus fish oil, pork oil, and palm oil. Results: The absorbance values at wavenumber regions of 1,500–1,000 cm−1 were selected for discrimination between Gabus fish oil and Gabus fish oil adulterated with pork oil using chemometrics of LDA. The LDA applied to the same wavenumber regions used in the quantitative analysis successfully classified Gabus fish oil, pork oil, and a Gabuspork oil mixture with an accuracy of 100%. The prediction of pork oil was successfully determined using multivariate calibrations of PLS and PCR using optimized conditions. There are three fatty acid markers found in Gabus fish oil caprylic acid, pentadecanoic acid and arachidic acid. The PCA was applied for data GC-MS interpretation. An analysis by PCA was able to cluster and discriminate Gabus fish oil, pork oil, and palm oil. Conclusion: FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and GC-MS coupled with chemometrics is a rapid and accurate method for detecting and quantifying pork oil in Gabus fish oil for halal authentication
2024 · Article · Open Access
2024 · Article · Open Access
2024 · Article · Open Access
2024 · Article · Open Access
2024 · Article · Open Access
2023 · Article · Open Access
2023 · Article · Open Access
Banana peel is a very large amount of waste material (banana fruit waste). In general, banana peels have not been used optimally. Based on the research results, kepok banana peel contains secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. This study aims to determine the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of kepok banana skin (Musa pradisiaca L). Extraction was carried out by maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Determination of total phenol content used the Folin-Ciocalteu method with gallic acid as comparator compound and the determination of total flavonoid content used the colorimetric method with 10% AlCl3 and 5% acetic acid as reagents. The results showed that kepok banana peel extract had an average total phenolic content of 13.4495 mg GAE/g ± 1.5473206 and an average total flavonoid content of 8.5468 mg QE/g ± 0.947422695.
2023 · Article · Open Access
2023 · Article · Open Access
2023 · Article · Open Access
